A guide to becoming a Doctor
a guide to becoming a doctor
Site: | K-Net Meeting Place |
Meeting Place: | KO Health Careers |
Book: | A guide to becoming a Doctor |
Printed by: | Guest User |
Date: | Monday, 30 June 2025, 07:43 AM |
Table of Contents
Becoming a Doctor
from: http://www.fnhc.ca/pdf/FNHC_health_careers_2009.pdf \Becoming a doctor in Canada
from: http://www.canadajobs.com/articles/viewarticle.cfm?ArticleID=1255Doctors are one of the most highly sought after professionals today. Plenty of opportunities exist in Canada and around the world for qualified doctors. As the population ages, the fact that we are living longer, virtually ensures this trend is likely to continue.
If you've thought about a career in medicine, here is some information on the profession, medical schools in Canada, and what it takes to make it.
Being a physician requires skill, patience, a desire to learn, and a lifelong commitment to improving patient health. You need to have the drive and desire to constantly be expanding your expertise and communicating with your patients. Doctors play a critical role in the health care system and many people rely on their experience and skill. It can be a very stressful job but a satisfying one as well.
If you think practicing medicine is for you, you will need to go to university, earn an undergraduate degree, and apply to medical school.
Requirements:
Many universities require an undergraduate degree that encompasses some science, chemistry, or biology courses. Some however, simply require an undergraduate degree but recommend that the courses taken aid you in your future career.
There are seventeen faculties of medicine in Canada, from coast to coast. Many of them have residency requirements, meaning that they will accept a majority of their applications from residents of their province. Some do however have some out-of-province admission allocations, but these are usually limited and the entrance requirements may be higher. It's a good idea to plan ahead and decide which faculty you'd like to attend and what requirements they might have.
The six faculties of medicine that are located in Ontario use a commom application system called OMSAS (Ontario Medical School Application Service.) There is a charge to apply to medical school and if you are in Ontario and using this system, the fee depends on how many schools you are applying to.
But Wait, That's Not All:
Many Canadian universities also use MCATs (Medical College Admission Test) as a way to test their applicants. MCAT testing takes place at various times of the year. The way the test scores are applied varying from school to school, so be sure to verify the admission requirements for the faculty you are interested in. Not all schools require the MCAT, so to save yourself some potential stress and expense, check the admission policy first.
Most faculties of medicine also require interviews as part of the application process. Interviews usually take place in the early part of the year in which you are applying to start your program.
How Much?:
Depending on where you live fees can vary widely. the fees range from about $6000 to $16000 per year for Canadian residents. The exception to these higher costs is Quebec. For the year 2004-2005, Quebec residents pay around $3000 for a year's tuition at Universite Laval, Universite de Sherbrooke, Universite de Montreal, and McGill University. However, if you do not live in the province, your rates are about twice or triple that. As with all Canadian university programs, foreign students and visa holders can expect to pay much more.
What You'll Learn:
Courses range from learning about the human body to doctor-patient communication. Most often, the first two years are spent learning the fundamental aspects of medicine. The final two years are spent on the job through a clerkship program learning to diagnose, evaluate, and practice real life training. Evaluations are held during this clerkship period to determine the skills and aptitudes of the senior medical students.
Then What?:
In order to be licensed in Canada, students in their final year of studies must participate in examinations set by the Medical Council of Canada.
Postgraduate studies in medicine, leading to further examinations can be taken in a variety of fields of medicine, including family medicine, internal medicine, and general surgery.
Opportunities for working as a doctor are varied. Because of the high demand for these qualified professionals, doctors can work virtually anywhere. Often, provinces and foreign countries offer incentives for doctors to relocate. As well as working in hospitals, clinics, community health, and private practice, doctors can work in research, private companies, and in a volunteer capacity.
Becoming a doctor takes years of study and dedication to lifelong learning. If this is a field that interests you, it deserves a second look. By visiting the websites of the various faculties of medicine offered at universities across Canada, you can gain a better understanding of what's involved in applying to, and qualifying for admission in their faculty.7 key traits of the ideal physician
from: http://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/guide/20061101/7-key-traits-of-ideal-doctorEssential Skills and Abilities Required for the Study of Medicine
from: http://www.ouac.on.ca/omsas/omsas-essential/The Ontario Faculties of Medicine are responsible to society to provide a program of study so that graduates have the knowledge, skills, professional behaviours and attitudes necessary to enter the supervised practice of medicine in Canada. Graduates must be able to diagnose and manage health problems and provide comprehensive, compassionate care to their patients. For this reason, students in the MD program must possess the cognitive, communication, sensory, motor, and social skills necessary to interview, examine, and counsel patients, and competently complete certain technical procedures in a reasonable time while ensuring patient safety.
In addition to obtaining an MD degree, and completing an accredited residency training program, an individual must pass the licensure examinations of the Medical Council of Canada (MCC) in order to practice medicine. Prospective candidates should be aware that, cognitive, physical examination, management skills, communication skills, and professional behaviours are all evaluated in timed simulations of patient encounters.
All students must have the required skills and abilities described in the Section on Technical Standards. All individuals are expected to review this document to assess their ability to meet these standards. This policy does not preclude individuals with disabilities. Students who anticipate requiring disability-related accommodation are responsible for notifying the medical school.
Because of the comprehensive, additive and integrative nature of the curriculum, students are expected to complete the MD degree within three or four years. Students with a disability may be granted an extension of time within which to complete the MD program. These requests are considered on a case-by-case basis. All other requests for a leave of absence are discussed in a separate policy.
A candidate for the MD degree must demonstrate the following abilities:
A student must be able to participate in learning situations that require skills in observation. In particular, a student must be able to accurately observe a patient and acquire visual, auditory and tactile information.
A student must be able to speak, to hear and to observe patients in order to effectively and efficiently elicit information, describe mood, activity and posture and perceive non-verbal communication. A student must be able to communicate effectively and sensitively with patients, families and any member of the health care team. A student must also be able to summarize coherently a patient’s condition and management plan verbally and in writing.
A student must demonstrate sufficient motor function to safely perform a physical examination on a patient, including palpation, auscultation and percussion. The examination must be done independently and in a timely fashion. A student must be able to use common diagnostic aids or instruments either directly or in an adaptive form (e.g. sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, otoscope and ophthalmoscope). A student must be able to execute motor movements reasonably required to provide general and emergency medical care to patients.
A student must demonstrate the cognitive skills and memory necessary to measure, calculate, and reason in order to analyze, integrate and synthesize information. In addition, the student must be able to comprehend dimensional and spatial relationships. All of these problem-solving activities must be done in a timely fashion.
A student must consistently demonstrate the emotional health required for full utilization of her/his intellectual abilities. The application of good judgment, and the prompt completion of all responsibilities attendant to the diagnosis and care of patients is necessary. The development of mature, sensitive and effective relationships with patients, families and other members of the health care team are also required. The student must be able to tolerate the physical, emotional, and mental demands of the program and function effectively under stress. Adaptability to changing environments and the ability to function in the face of uncertainties that are inherent in the care of patients are both necessary.
Compassion, integrity, concern for others, interpersonal skills, interest and motivation are all personal qualities that physicians must demonstrate and are expected qualities of students.
Disability is defined by Section 10 (1) of the Ontario Human Rights Code.
The Ontario Faculties of Medicine (COFM) are committed to facilitating the integration of students with disabilities into the University community. Each student with a disability is entitled to reasonable accommodation that will assist her/him to meet the standards. Reasonable accommodation will be made to facilitate student’s progress. However, such accommodation cannot compromise patient safety and well-being. Reasonable accommodation may require members of the University community to exercise creativity and flexibility in responding to the needs of students with disabilities while maintaining the academic and technical standards. The student with a disability must be able to demonstrate the knowledge and perform the necessary skills independently. There are a few circumstances in which an intermediary may be appropriate. However, no disability can be accommodated if the intermediary has to provide cognitive support, substitute for cognitive skills, perform a physical examination and/or in any way supplement clinical judgment. The appropriateness of an intermediary will be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
This policy acknowledges that central to the success of a student with a disability in completing the MD program is her/his responsibility to demonstrate self-reliance and to identify needs requiring accommodation in a timely fashion.
Canadian Medical Schools
from: http://www.ipac-amic.org/medschools.phpUniversity of British Columbia
University of Alberta
University of Saskatchewan
University of Manitoba
Ontario Medical Schools Application Service (OMSAS)
Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine at McMaster University
Northern Ontario School of Medicine
University of Ottawa
Queen's University
University of Toronto
Schulich School of Medicine at the University of Western Ontario
McGill University
Université de Montréal (French only)
Université de Sherbrooke (French only)
Université Laval (French only)
Dalhousie University
Memorial University of Newfoundland
U of Manitoba Special Aboriginal Pre-Medical Studies
from: http://umanitoba.ca/student/asc/programs/spsp-php.htmlHow to apply to Ontario Medical Schools
from: http://www.ouac.on.ca/omsas/omsas-info/Step 1: Research Your University Options and the Application Process
Step 2: Create a 2011 OMSAS account before September 15, 2010.
Step 3: Prepare and submit your application by the deadline: October 1, 2010.
Applicants to Ontario medical schools submit only one set of application materials and academic documents, regardless of the number of schools to which they are applying.
Each of the Ontario medical schools has its own admission requirements. Applicants should be aware of the variations in the admission requirements and be sure that they qualify for consideration before indicating that they wish OMSAS to forward their application to a particular university. OMSAS will process and forward applications to all requested medical schools regardless of the qualifications of the applicant or the completeness of the application.
Applicants are advised to contact the medical school directly for additional information about the academic program and the admission of applicants.
Canadian Medical Schools Summary
Data Sources
Most of the data contained here is obtained from the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) website. The AFMC publishes numerous documents that provide significant insight into the admissions process. Admission Requirements of Canadian Faculties of Medicine (2010) – this is the source of the summary presented here:
http://www.afmc.ca/pdf/2010AdBk.pdf
Canadian Medical Education Statistics (2009) – an extremely interesting and detailed document with a wealth of statistics on medical school admissions. Includes interesting facts including attrition rates (example: in 2008, of the 2771 first year medical students, 18 dropped out):
http://www.afmc.ca/pdf/cmes/CMES2009.pdf
*Note: This list does not include Dalhousie, Memorial, and some other Quebec schools. More information will be posted soon*
University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $15,154 + additional fees
§ Class Size: 256
Selection Factors: MCAT and three full years of full-time university. Minimum GPA is 2.8/4.0, with average GPA of successful applicants being 3.71/4.0. Prerequisite courses include english, biochemistry, biology, organic and inorganic chemistry.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 2010 and 07/08): approximately 1583 applicants. 664 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 38 were declined.
Interview Format: Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)
University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine
§ Program length: 3 years
§ Tuition: $14,385 + $598 compulsory fees
§ Class Size: 180
Selection Factors: MCAT and two full years of full-time university. Minimum GPA is 3.2/4.0 (Alberta residents) and 3.6/4.0 out of province, with average GPA of successful applicants being 3.66/4.0. No Prerequisite courses required.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 1490 applicants. 572 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 131 were declined.
Interview Format: Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)
University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $11,540 + $728 compulsory fees
§ Class Size: 172
Selection Factors: MCAT and two full years of full-time university. Minimum GPA is 3.3/4.0 (Alberta residents) and 3.5/4.0 out of province, with average GPA of successful applicants being 3.8/4.0 (GPA higher for applicants with only 2 or 3 years of university). Prerequisite courses required include organic, inorganic chemistry, biology, physics, and English. Half year courses in biochemistry and statistics.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 1273 applicants. 473 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 65 were declined.
Interview Format: Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)
University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $11,367 + $689 compulsory fees
§ Class Size: 84
Selection Factors: MCAT required (unless you have completed certain prerequisites in Sask.) and at least two full years of full time university. Minimum GPA is 78% (Sask residents) and 80% for out of province, with average GPA of successful applicants being 89.37% (out of province applicants invited for an interview have GPAs >>90%). Prerequisite courses not required, unless you wish to apply without having written the MCAT, in which case there is a specific set that must be completed at USask or University of Regina (see admissions website).
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 568 applicants. 324 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 23 were declined.
Interview Format: Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)
University of Manitoba, Faculty of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $7774 + $681 compulsory fees
§ Class size: 110
Selection Factors: MCAT required and at least three years of full-time university (Admission requires a bachelors degree). Minimum GPA is 3.3/4.5, with average GPA of successful applicants being 4.15/4.5. Prerequisite courses required and include biochemistry and humanities/social science.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 957 applicants. 330 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 42 were declined.
Interview Format: Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)
Northern Ontario School of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $16,550 + $~1900 compulsory fees
§ Class size: 64
Selection Factors: MCAT not required. Four years of full-time university (admission requires a bachelors degree). Minimum GPA is 3/4 with the mean GPA of successful applicants 3.72/4. No specific course pre-requisites, but admissions value people who have a “broad” undergraduate education. The school has a VERY strong preference for people from rural and northern communities.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 2273 applicants. 391 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 14 were declined.
Interview Format: Traditional panel interview with faculty, community member, and medical student.
University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $17,040 + $887 compulsory fees
§ Class size: 171
Selection Factors: MCAT required. Four years of full-time university (admission requires a bachelors degree). Minimum GPA is 3.75/4.0. No specific course pre-requisites. Special consideration for residents of southwestern Ontario.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 2300 applicants. 446 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 77 were declined.
Interview Format: Panel Interview
McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine
§ Program length: 3 years
§ Tuition: $19,288 + $736 compulsory fees
§ Class Size: 194
Selection Factors: MCAT required (only the VR section). Three years of full-time university. Minimum GPA is 3.0/4.0 with the mean GPA of successful applicants 3.86/4 . No specific course pre-requisites.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 3619 applicants. 546 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 58 were declined.
Interview Format: Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)
University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $17,887 + $1345 compulsory fees
§ Class Size: 250
Selection Factors: MCAT required (minimum acceptable score 9/9/9/N). Three years of full-time university. Minimum GPA is 3.6/4.0 with the mean GPA of successful applicants 3.89/4.0. Specific course pre-requisites include two full courses in “life sciences” and one full course in social science / humanities / language / literature. Graduate applicants are considered in a separate pool.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 3161 applicants. 532 applicants interviewed. Of the offers of admission, 70 were declined.
Interview Format: Traditional interview with a MD/Basic Science Researcher + 2nd year medical student.
Queen’s University, School of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $16,878 + $978 compulsory fees
§ Class size: 100
Selection Factors: MCAT required. Three years of full-time university. If at the time of application you do not have three years of university completed, the most recent two full-time years will be considered. Competitive GPA depends on the applicant pool. Specific course pre-requisites include one full credit in biological science, a physical science, and either humanities or social science.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 2200 applicants. Number of applicants interviewed not revealed. Of the offers of admission, 72 were declined.
University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine
§ Program length: 4 years
§ Tuition: $16,799 + $581 compulsory fees
§ Class size: 156
Selection Factors: MCAT not required. Three years of full-time university. Minimum GPA is 3.5/4.0 with the mean GPA of successful applicants 3.85/4.0. Specific course pre-requisites include one full year in general biology (w. lab component), one full year in humanities, and two full year courses in general chemistry and/or organic chemistry and/or biochemistry.
Applicant Statistics (based on data from 07/08/09): approximately 3159 applicants. Number of applicants interviewed 550. Of the offers of admission, 69 were declined.
Interview Format: Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)
MCAT info/prep
from: http://www.ipac-amic.org/mcat.phpMost med schools require that you write the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). The test is divided into sections (Verbal Reasoning, Physical Sciences, Writing Sample, and Biological Sciences) and minimum scores in each are often required for you to be considered for Admissions. There are currently two sittings for this exam – one in April and one in August. More info is available at http://www.aamc.org/students/mcat/.
Many students will spend a summer preparing for the MCAT, some part-time, some full-time. Here are some tools to help you with the MCAT:
Aboriginal Med student Role Models
from: http://www.ipac-amic.org/profiles.phpJournal Articles to Read
from: http://www.doctorstarter.ca/journalarticles.htmlMultiple mini interview information (used at University of Calgary, Northern Ontario School of Medicine and McMaster University)
Research on the MMI
Article on PBL
article on PBL
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Risk taking and tolerance of uncertainty: implications for surgeons.
Have changes in the context of doctors' work altered the concept of the professional in medicine?
Assessment of personal qualities in relation to admission to medical school.
Medical students' personality characteristics and academic performance: a five-factor model perspective.
Mental health problems among young doctors: an updated review of prospective studies.
The fate of idealism in modern medicine.
The impact of job stress and working conditions on mental health problems among junior house officers. A nationwide Norwegian prospective cohort study.
Extended work shifts and the risk of motor vehicle crashes among interns.
Effect of reducing interns' work hours on serious medical errors in intensive care units.
The effect of stress and fatigue on cardiac rhythm in medical interns
Turning interns into senior residents: preparing residents for their teaching and leadership roles.
Competent patient care is dependent upon attending to empathic opportunities presented during interview sessions.
How Do We Choose Our Specialty?
Increasing Interest in Family Medicine
Relationship of resident characteristics, attitudes, prior training and clinical knowledge to communication skills performance
Survey on Aboriginal issues within Canadian medical programmes
Are applicants to Canadian residency programs rejected because of their sex?
'You learn better under the gun': intimidation and harassment in surgical education
Supporting the well-being of medical students
Important Links
Indigenious Physicians Association of Canada