First Nation Innovation - Publications

Sharing our research results through publications has been a major focus of our work since our collaborative partnership began in 2004. The publications from the First Nations Innovation project (2013-ongoing), the VideoCom project (2006-2012), the First Mile project (2010-2012), and the RICTA project (2004-2005) are all stored on this website.

You can click on this link to access and download a pdf document with hyperlinks to all the publications and abstracts that you can search for keywords. We also have a comprehensive publication policy that you can access and download from this link.

On the left of this page you can access our publications in chronological order, listed by type of publication:

• Articles (peer-reviewed) translated into French
  
• Book chapters and journal articles (peer-reviewed)
  
• Conference papers and proceedings (abstracts peer-reviewed)
  
• Reports (documenting specific studies we conducted) and misc publications
• Magazine, newspaper articles, briefs (easily-digested information)
• Presentations (Powerpoint presentations at meetings & conferences)
• RICTA publications (from the networking activity prior to our research)
  
• Background publication (one of the earliest articles on this topic)
  

Complete publication list with links for download

This pdf document that you can download above contains the references, abstracts and links to all our publications online – To access a publication, click on the hyperlink in the publication reference when you are online. From that web page you can open the publication or save it to your computer.

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Publications Translated into French

#35-F (2010)

#34-F (2011)

Référence : O’Donnell, S., G. Kakekaspan, B. Beaton, B. Walmark, R. Mason et M. Mak. (2011). A New Remote Community-Owned Wireless Communication Service: Fort Severn First Nation Builds Their Local Cellular System with Keewaytinook Mobile, Canadian Journal of Communication, 36(4), 663-673.

RÉSUMÉ : La Première Nation de Fort Severn est une communauté d’une région éloignée accessible par avion située dans la baie d’Hudson dont le mode de vie reflète un respect et attachement profonds pour la terre. Le conseil tribal Keewaytinook Okimakanak (KO) a mis sur pied le service Keewaytinook Mobile (KM) dans les communautés des Premières Nations des régions éloignées du nord de l’Ontario. En novembre 2009, Fort Severn et KO ont établi ce service dans la communauté. La présente étude retrace l’histoire et la mise en œuvre du service KM à Fort Severn et décrit comment et pourquoi les membres de la communauté utilisent ce service. L’analyse est fondée sur des entretiens et des discussions avec des membres de la communauté, qui ont eu lieu lors de trois visites effectuées dans le cadre de cette étude entre mars 2010 et mars 2011.

#32-F (2011)

Référence: Gibson, K., Coulson, H.,Kakepetum-Schultz, T., O’Donnell, S. (2011) Mental health professionals’ perspectives of telemental health with remote and rural First Nations communities. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2011; 17: 263–267.

Résumé: Nous avons demandé à des travailleurs en santé mentale du Canada de répondre à un sondage en ligne et de participer à des entretiens en personne, et ceux-ci ont affirmé avoir de l’expérience de travail avec les communautés des Premières Nations des régions rurales et éloignées (mais pas nécessairement en télésanté mentale). Des 164 répondants au sondage, 63 ont déclaré avoir déjà travaillé avec des clients des Premières Nations des régions rurales et éloignées. Seulement 16 des répondants au sondage ayant déjà travaillé avec les communautés des Premières Nations des régions rurales et éloignées ont déclaré avoir reçu de la formation en visioconférence. Lorsqu’on leur a demandé à quelle fréquence ils utilisaient la visioconférence avec des clients, 51 % ont affirmé ne jamais utiliser cette technologie, 19 % ont indiqué l’utiliser une fois tous les deux ou trois mois et 10 % ont déclaré l’utiliser quelques fois par mois. Environ 50 % des participants ont affirmé trouver cette technologie utile. Environ 38 % ont indiqué qu’ils trouvaient la technologie facile ou très facile à utiliser, alors que 15 % la trouvaient très difficile à utiliser. Des entretiens individuels en profondeur ont également été effectués avec des professionnels qui avaient de l’expérience en télésanté mentale avec les Premières Nations (n = 5). Une analyse quantitative des données a été effectuée pour connaître leur perception de l’utilité et de la facilité d’utilisation des services de télésanté mentale, de même que la relation entre ces construits. Les avantages, les inconvénients et les défis liés à l’utilisation de la technologie ont été identifiés à partir des données qualitatives. Parmi les solutions prometteuses figure l’intégration des pratiques traditionnelles et des Sept enseignements sacrés aux services de télésanté mentale.

Cliquez ici pour la version anglaise de cette publication.

#31-F (2011)

RÉSUMÉ

Introduction : La télésanté mentale utilise des technologies telles que la visioconférence pour offrir des services et de l’information liés à la santé mentale, et pour relier les gens et les communautés afin de favoriser la guérison et la santé. Dans les communautés des Premières Nations des régions rurales et éloignées, il est parfois difficile d’avoir accès à des soins de santé mentale au sein de la communauté et d’avoir recours aux services de travailleurs en santé mentale de l’extérieur. La télésanté mentale est un outil et une approche de servicepouvant résoudre certaines de ces difficultés, et même aider les communautés des Premières Nations à atteindre leur objectif d’améliorer la santé mentale et le bien-êtrede leurs membres. Les points de vue des membres des communautés sur l’utilité et la pertinence de la télésanté mentale peuvent influencer considérablement le niveau d’engagement à l’égard du service. Il semble qu’il n’existe ni recherches, ni ouvrages sur le point de vue des membres des communautés des Premières Nations sur la question de la télésanté mentale, ni même sur le sujet plus large des technologies liées aux services de santé mentale. Par conséquent, cet article examinera les différents points de vue des membres de deux communautés des Premières Nations des régions rurales et éloignées de l’Ontario, au Canada, sur la question de la télésanté mentale.

Méthodes : La présente étude s’intègre dans le cadre de VideoCom, un projet de recherche collaborative qui explore les utilisations des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) par les communautés des Premières Nations des régions rurales et éloignées. Cette étude a été réalisée avec l’aide de Keewaytinook Okimakanak (KO), notre partenaire du nord-ouest de l’Ontario. Au printemps 2010, une équipe formée de membres du personnel de KO et de chercheurs de VideoCom a visité les deux communautés avec l’entière collaboration de leurs dirigeants. En utilisant une approche de recherche participative, nous avons interrogé 59 membres de ces communautés sur leur expérience avec les technologies, plus particulièrement sur leur point de vue à propos de la télésanté mentale. Une analyse thématique de ces données qualitatives ainsi qu’une analyse quantitative descriptive de l’information recueillie ont révélé la diversité des points de vue des membres des communautés. Enfin, d’après une discussion avec le personnel en télésanté mentale des communautés, une section intitulée « Pistes desolution » a été proposée comme moyen d’amorcer la résolution de certains problèmes soulevés par les membres des communautés.

Résultats : Cet article analyse le continuum des points de vue des membres des communautés, qui vont de l’intérêt et l’enthousiasme à l’hésitation et l’inquiétude. Une participante ayant utilisé les services de télésantémentale a indiqué que cette approche l’avait aidée à se sentir plus à l’aise avecle processus thérapeutique. D’autres participants ont exprimé des préoccupations quant à la pertinence et à la sécurité de cette approche. Une foule d’avantages (tels que l’utilité, la facilité de communication et un meilleur accès aux services) ainsi que d’inconvénients ou de préoccupations (comme l’interférence avec le renforcement des capacités et la confidentialité) sont ressortis des discussions. À la suite d’une procédure de codage, une analyse quantitative descriptive a révélé que 47 % des participants avaient une opinion favorable à la télésanté mentale, que 32 % avaient une opinion défavorable à ce sujet et que 21 % étaient indécis ou avaient une opinion neutre par rapport à la télésanté mentale.

Conclusions : La valorisation du savoir autochtone peut nous aider à comprendre l’expérience des membres des communautés par rapport à la télésanté mentale et leurs préoccupations à ce sujet, et à mettre en place des initiatives plus efficaces et appropriées. Grâce à la précieuse collaboration des coauteurs de Keewaytinook Okimakanak Telemedicine, nous proposons des pistes desolution aux préoccupations soulevées par les membres des communautés. Plus important encore, nous reconnaissons que les pistes de solution liées aux initiatives communautaires de télésanté mentale doivent être prises en charge par les communautés.

Cliquez ici pour la version anglaise de cette publication.

#28-F (2011)

Référence : Gratton, M.-F. et S. O’Donnell. ( 2011) Communication Technologies for Focus Groups with Remote Communities: A Case Study of Research with First Nations in Canada, Qualitative Research , 11(2),159-175.

Résumé : Les technologies des communications offrent aux chercheurs spécialisés dans la recherche qualitative davantage d’options pour effectuer des recherches avec les communautés éloignées. Il n’est pas toujours possible pour les chercheurs de se rendre dans ces communautés pour réaliser des entretiens et diriger des séances de discussion en personne, plus particulièrement lorsque les déplacements requièrent beaucoup de temps et d’argent. Cette raison est souvent invoquée pour expliquer l’absence de recherches qualitatives avec des participants vivant dans des communautés des Premières Nations (autochtones) des régions éloignées du Canada. Cet article présente une étude de cas réalisée selon une approchede recherche élaborée en collaboration avec K-Net et KORI (Keewaytinook Okimakanak), nos partenaires du nord-ouest de l’Ontario. L’étude portait sur les préférences en matière d’information en ligne sur la santé des membres des communautés des Premières Nations des régions éloignées. En collaboration avec K-Net, nous avons élaboré une approche afin d’utiliser la visioconférence multisite avec des groupes de discussion, ce qui a permis des échanges audio et visuels en direct entre la chercheuse à Ottawa et les participants de plusieurs communautés des Premières Nations des régions éloignées. Dans notre conclusion,nous encourageons d’autres chercheurs à essayer cette approche novatrice afin d’inclure dans les projets de recherche participative davantage de membres des communautés des Premières Nations des régions éloignées.

#22-F (2010)

Référence : O’Donnell, S. , Walmark, B., Hancock, B-R. (2010) Videoconferencing in Remote and Rural First Nations Communities, in White, J., Peters, J., Beavon, D., Dinsdale, P. (eds) Aboriginal Policy Research Volume 6: Learning,Technology, and Traditions. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, 128-139.

Résumé : à suivre

Cliquez ici pour la version anglaise de cette publication.

#21-F (2009)

#20-F (2009)

#19-F (2009)

#15-F (2009)

Pour lire ou télécharger , cliquez sur le lien ci-dessous :

Publication n ° 15-F, 2009, septembre - Organismes communautaires fournissant des services à large bande et communications vidéo dans les Premières Nations des régions rurales et éloignées du Canada

Référence : O'Donnell, S ., Perley, S.,Walmark, B., Burton, K., Beaton, B., Sark, A. (2009) Community-based broadband organizations and video communications in remote and rural First Nations in Canada. In Stillman, L., Johanson, G., and French, R. (eds) Communities in Action. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 107-119.

Résumé : Cette recherche montre comment deux organismes communautaires des Premières Nations utilisent les communications vidéo sur des réseaux à large bande afin d’appuyer le développement socioéconomique. Cette étude situe K-Net et l’Atlantic Canada’s First Nation Help Desk dans un mouvement social plus large visant l’auto détermination pour les Premières Nations du Canada au moyen des communications vidéo. Les communications vidéo sur les réseaux à large bande comprennent les visioconférences (en direct et archivées) et les vidéos en ligne. La méthodologie de recherche comprend l’analyse de centaines de visioconférences et de vidéos archivées par les deux organismes, de même que des entretiens avec des informateurs clés.

Cliquez ici pour la version anglaise de cette publication.

#14-F (2009)

Référence : O’Donnell, S. , Perley, S., Simms, D., and Hancock, B-R. (2009) Video Communication Roadblocks Facing Remote Indigenous Communities. & Society Magazine, 28 (2),Summer,16-22.

Résumé : De plus en plus, les communautés rurales et éloignéesont accès aux réseaux à large bande. Ces réseaux offrent de nouvelles possibilités pour des communications vidéo intéressantes. Au Canada, les organismes et les membres de ces communautés échangent des données audiovisuelles au moyen des réseaux à large bande. Ils utilisent la visioconférence, la visioconférence multisite et le partage de vidéos en ligne.Toutefois, des défis sociaux et techniques se posent et freinent le développement de ces utilisations au sein des communautés.

Book Chapters and Journal Articles

#74 (2014)

Reference: Molyneaux, H., O'Donnell, S., Kakekaspan,C., Walmark, B., Budka, P., Gibson, K. (2014) Social Media in Remote First Nation Communities. Canadian Journal of Communication 39(2) 275-288.

Abstract: Community resilience in First Nations includes ties to people both inside and outside the community, intergenerational communication, sharing of stories, and family and community connectedness. This study, based on a survey of internet users in the Sioux Lookout region of Northwestern Ontario, explores the link between social networking sites (SNS) and community resilience. The region is home to some of the most isolated First Nation (indigenous) communities in Canada. Cultural and familial links between these communities are strong, yet until the fairly recent widespread use of the internet, maintaining regular communications to strengthen cultural ties was challenging. This study examines the links between travel and communication online, how social media is used to preserve culture and maintain communication, and the implications of social networking for community resilience.

#72 (2014)

Publication #72 2014, May - Making Information Technologies Work at the End of the Road

#71 (2014)

Publication #71 2014, April - Indigenous Regulatory Advocacy in Canada's Far North: Mobilizing the First Mile Connectivity Consortium

#67 (2014)

Publication #67 2014, April - Introduction to the Special Issue: The First Mile of Broadband Connectivity in Communities

#66 (2014)

Publication #66 2014, April - The First Mile Approach to Community Services in Fort Severn First Nation

#65 (2014)

Publication #65 2014, April - Building First Nation Owned and Managed Fibre Networks across Quebec

Reference: Whiteduck, T., Beaton, B. (2014) Building First Nation Owned and Managed Fibre Networks across Quebec. Journal of Community Informatics, 10 (2).

Abstract: In Canada, small rural and remote communities continue to struggle to access equitable and affordable high speed internet connections that address local priorities and needs. The First Nations Education Council (FNEC) is working with their community partners across Quebec to plan and operate a First Nation owned and managed fibre network to deliver broadband connections throughout each community. Public and private partnerships were established by FNEC to fund and construct the regional and local networks connecting these rural and remote communities. The paper describes the history of this development along with its future goals. Sharing infrastructure and network support services with all the other service providers (health, education, administration, justice, policing, homes, etc.) in each of these communities helps to sustain the ongoing operation and maintenance of the network.

#64 (2014)

Publication #64 2014, April - Settler Colonialism and First Nations e-Communities in Northwestern Ontario

#63 (2014)

Reference: McMahon, R., Mangiok, T. (2014) From the First Mile to Outer Space: Tamaani Satellite Internet in Northern Quebec. Journal of Community Informatics, 10 (2).

#62 (2014)

Publication #62 2014, April - Developing an e-Community Approach to Community Services in Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation

#61 (2014)

Publication #61 2014, April - First Mile Challenges to Last Mile Rhetoric: Exploring the Discourse between Remote and Rural First Nations and the Telecom Industry

#60 (2014)

Publication #60 2014, April - Information and Communication Technology for Education in an Algonquin First Nation in Quebec

#59 (2014)

Publication #59 2014, February - Post-Secondary Distance Education in a Contemporary Colonial Context: Experiences of Students in a Rural First Nation in Canada

#58 (2014)

Publication #58 2014, February - An Inquiry into Community Members’ Use and Attitudes toward Technology in Mishkeegogamang Tepacimowin Networks

#57 (2014)

Publication #57 2014, January - How Women in Remote and Rural First Nation Communities are Using Information and Communications Technologies (ICT)

#50 (2013)

Publication #50 2013, May - Videoconferencing for First Nations Community-Controlled Education, Health and Development.

Reference: O’Donnell, S., Johnson, L., Katepetum-Schultz, T., Burton, K., Whiteduck, T., Mason, R., Beaton, B., McMahon, R., Gibson, K. (2013) Videoconferencing for First Nations Community-Controlled Education, Health and Development. The Electronic Journal of Communication. 23 (1&2)

Abstract : Videoconferencing is a powerful tool that First Nations in Canada are using to create communication spaces for local control of community services and community development. For First Nations in Canada, videoconferencing sessions are alternative public spheres for engagement and interaction outside of mainstream control. This article discusses how First Nations are using videoconferencing to create and support community-controlled education and training, health services, and other community development activities. Perspectives of a videoconferencing bridge coordinator and a case study from Keewaywin First Nation are discussed.Challenges for videoconferencing in First Nations are reviewed, followed by some thoughts about the future of videoconferencing in these unique communities.

#37 (2012)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #37 2012, February - A History of Communication by Fort Severn First Nation Community Members: From Hand Deliveries to Virtual Pokes

Reference: Gibson, K., Kakekaspan, M., Kakekaspan, G., O’Donnell, S., Walmark, B., Beaton, B., and the People of Fort Severn First Nation (2012) A History of Communication by Fort Severn First Nation Community Members: From Hand Deliveries to Virtual Pokes. Proceedings of the iConference 2012, Toronto, Ontario, February.

Abstract: Fort Severn Washaho Cree Nation is the most northern community in Ontario. Without road access for most of the year, Fort Severn community members have always found innovative and useful ways to communicate and share information. This paper traces the history of everyday communications from the pre-analogue era to the current day. The focus is on how Fort Severn community members communicate and use technology in a community-centered and holistic way. Information was gathered for this paper over the course of three visits to the community and 59 interviews with Fort Severn community members. Community members reflect on their history of communications, and their current use of a broad range of technologies that use broadband. Critical thinking about technology use, and what is needed to support continued innovative and community-centered use, are explored.

#36 (2011)

Publication #36 2011, Digital Divides and the ‘First Mile’: Framing First Nations Broadband Development in Canada

#34 (2011)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #34 2011, December - A New Remote Community-Owned Wireless Communication Service: Fort Severn First Nation Builds Their Local Cellular System with Keewaytinook Mobile.

Reference: O’Donnell, S., Kakekaspan, G., Beaton, B., Walmark, B., Mason, R., Mak, M. (2011) A New Remote Community-Owned Wireless Communication Service: Fort Severn First Nation Builds Their Local Cellular System with Keewaytinook Mobile. Canadian Journal of Communication, 36 (4) 663-673.

Abstract: Fort Severn First Nation is a remote fly-in community on Hudson Bay. The lifestyle reflects a deep respect for and connection to the land. The Keewaytinook Okimakinak (KO) Tribal Council has developed the Keewaytinook Mobile (KM) service in remote First Nation communities in Northern Ontario. In November 2009, Fort Severn and KO established the KM service in the community. This study traces the history of KM and its implementation in Fort Severn and describes how and why community members are using the service. The analysis is based on interviews and discussions with community members during three research visits from March 2010 to March 2011.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#32 (2011)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #32 2011, August - Mental health professionals’ perspectives of telemental health with remote and rural First Nations communities

Reference: Gibson,K., Coulson, H., Kakepetum-Schultz, T., O’Donnell, S. (2011) Mental health professionals’ perspectives of telemental health with remote and rural First Nations communities. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2011; 17: 263–267.

Abstract: We conducted an online survey and interviews of mental health workers in Canada who reported experience in working with rural and remote First Nations (although not necessarily telemental health). Sixty-three respondents (of the 164) to the online survey reported experience in working with clients in remote and rural First Nations. Only 16 of the online survey respondents with remote and rural First Nations experience reported having received training in videoconferencing use. A quantitative data analysis was used to explore their perceptions of usefulness and ease of use of telemental health, as well as the relationships among these constructs. Advantages, disadvantages and challenges in using the technology were identified from the qualitative data. Promising ways forward include incorporating traditional practices and the Seven Teachings into telemental health services.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#31 (2011)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #31 2011, May - Conversations on telemental health: listening to remote and rural First Nations communities

Reference: Gibson KL, Coulson H, Miles R, Kakekakekung C, Daniels E, O'Donnell S. Conversations on telemental health: listening to remote and rural First Nations communities . Rural and Remote Health 11 (online), 2011: 1656.

Abstract: Telemental health involves technologies such as videoconferencing to deliver mental health services and education, and to connect individuals and communities for healing and health. In remote and rural First Nations communities there are often challenges to obtaining mental healthcare in the community and to working with external mental health workers. Telemental health is a service approach and tool that can address some of these challenges and potentially support First Nations communities in their goal of improving mental health and wellbeing. Community members’ perspectives on the usefulness and appropriateness of telemental health can greatly influence the level of engagement with the service. It appears that no research or literature exists on First Nations community members’ perspectives on telemental health, or even on community perspectives on the broader area of technologies for mental health services. Therefore, this article explores the perspectives on telemental health of community members living in two rural and remote First Nations communities in Ontario, Canada.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#28 (2011)

Publication #28 2011, April - Communication Technologies for Focus Groups with Remote Communities

Reference: Gratton, M-F., O’Donnell, S. (2011) Communication Technologies for Focus Groups with Remote Communities: A Case Study of Research with First Nations in Canada. Qualitative Research. 11(2): 159-175.

Abstract: Communication technologies offer qualitative researchers more options for conducting research with remote communities. It is not always possible for researchers to travel to conduct focus groups and interviews in person, especially when travel is prohibitively time-consuming and expensive. This reason is often given to explain the lack of qualitative research with participants living in remote First Nations (Aboriginal) communities in Canada. This manuscript presents a case study of a research method developed in collaboration with our research partner K-Net and KORI (Keewaytinook Okimakanak) in northwestern Ontario. The specific study investigated preferences for online health information for First Nations people living in remote communities. Working with K-Net, we developed a method to use multi-site videoconferencing for focus groups – live visual and audio exchange between the researcher in Ottawa and participants in multiple remote First Nations communities. Our conclusion encourages other researchers to try this innovative method to include more remote First Nations community members in participatory research projects.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#22 (2010)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #22 2010, April - Videoconferencing and Remote and Rural First Nations

Reference: O'Donnell, S., Walmark, B., Hancock, B-R. (2010) Videoconferencing and Remote and Rural First Nations, in White, J., Peters, J., Beavon, D., Dinsdale, P. (eds) Aboriginal Policy Research Volume 6: Learning, Technology and Traditions. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing: 128-139.

Abstract: This article explores why visual communication is important for First Nations, the prevalence and purposes of videoconferencing in non-institutional settings, and the challenges the communities experience using this technology. The central theme is that videoconferencing is a vital tool for remote and rural First Nations and in order for it to become widely used, the technology has to be a part of everyday life in communities and not just restricted to telehealth and distance education.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#21 (2009)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #21 2009, December - Out from the Edges: Multi-site Videoconferencing as a Public Sphere in First Nations.

Reference: McKelvey, F., O'Donnell, S. (2009) Out from the Edges: Multi-site Videoconferencing as a Public Sphere in First Nations. Journal of Community Informatics 5(2).

Abstract: This study uses video analysis and semi-structured interviews to describe a case of community use of multi-site videoconferencing. The event in 2007 connected a number of First Nation communities across Canada for simultaneous audio-visual exchange. The meeting was hosted by K-Net Services in Ontario. The research project VideoCom organized the event to study the feasibility of public meetings through videoconferencing and to document an example of community uses of the technology. Our report suggests videoconferencing creates a public sphere in these First Nations communities. K-Net Services works to develop their videoconferencing infrastructure to better support this public space. The public sphere is way of thinking about how media practices have a political effect and how they contribute to the well-being of the community. The case meeting shows a potential new opportunity to further integrate videoconferencing into community development.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#20 (2009)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #20 2009, December - How K-Net and Atlantic Canada's First Nation Help Desk are using videoconferencing for community development.

Reference: Milliken, M., O'Donnell, S., Gorman, E. (2009) How K-Net and Atlantic Canada's First Nation Help Desk are using videoconferencing for community development. Journal of Community Informatics 5(2).

Abstract: K-Net, Keewaytinook Okimakanak (KO) in Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Atlantic Canada’s First Nation Help Desk in Membertou, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and the First Nation Education Council in Wendake, Quebec initially set up videoconferencing networks for educational and health purposes. Since the mid-90s, the applications, reach and scope of these communication networks has expanded to include cultural, social, and community development activities. Interviews with the technical and administrative staff reveal how the relationship-building approach taken by of K-Net and Atlantic Canada’s First Nation Help Desk supports community development in the First Nations communities they serve.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#19 (2009)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #19 2009, December - Representation and Participation of First Nations Women in Online Videos.

Reference: Perley, S. (2009) Representation and Participation of First Nations Women in Online Videos. Journal of Community Informatics 5(1).

Abstract: With the rise in websites for video sharing on the Internet and the increase in resources to create and upload videos, there is potential for First Nations women to make use of this alternate public sphere for representing issues they cannot normally address through mainstream media. A critical analysis of the representation and participation of First Nations women in online videos provides some insight into how First Nations women are currently using new information and communication technologies to question and challenge mainstream media assumptions and representations of First Nations women. The article explores the potential of online videos produced by First Nations women to provide an alternate public sphere to represent themselves and their perspectives and promote social change.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#15 (2009)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #15 2009, September - Community Based Broadband Organizations and Video Communications for Remote and Rural First Nations in Canada

Reference: O’Donnell, S., Perley, S., Walmark, B., Burton, K., Beaton, B., and Sark, A. (2009) Community Based Broadband Organizations and Video Communications for Remote and Rural First Nations in Canada. In Stillman, L., Johanson, G., and French, R., editors, Communities in Action. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 107-119.

Abstract: This research demonstrates how two community-based First Nations’ organizations use video communications on broadband networks to support socio-economic development. This study situates K-Net and the Atlantic Help Desk within a broader social movement, working toward self-determination for First Nations in Canada, through the use of video communications. Video communications within broadband networks include videoconferences (live and archived) and online videos. The research methodology includes an analysis of hundreds of videoconferences and videos archived by the two organizations as well as interviews with key informants.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

#14 (2009)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #14 2009, June - Video Communication Roadblocks Facing Remote Indigenous Communities.

Reference: O'Donnell, S., Perley, S., Simms, D., Hancock, B-R. (2009) Video Communication Roadblocks Facing Remote Indigenous Communities. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 28 (2) Summer. pp 16-22.

Abstract: For Canada's remote and rural communities, video communications provide a vital lifeline. This article discusses the challenges for video communications in remote and rural First Nation (Indigenous) communities. Central to our analysis are social and technical issues as well as the ICT experiences of community-based organizations and community members. We use an analytical framework to identify challenges in four categories: technical infrastructure, the interactions of the users with the technical infrastructure, the production and reception of audio-visual content, and the organizational and social relations. Our findings underline the need for community capacity building to address these challenges and use video communications to its full potential.

This publication is also available in French - for the French version click here.

Conference Papers and Proceedings

#73 (2014)

Publication #73 2014, May - Digital Data Management in Kahnawà:ke

#70 (2014)

Publication #70 2014, May - Valuing the social economy and information and communication technologies (ICT) in small remote First Nations

#69 (2014)

Publication #69 2014, May - A critical understanding of adult learning, education and training using information and communication technologies (ICT) in remote First Nations

#56 (2013)

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#55 (2013)

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#54 (2013)

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#53 (2013)

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#52 (2013)

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Reference: Philpot, D., O’Donnell, S., Kenny, C. (2013) Face-to-Faces Work: Audience Response to First Nations Social Movement Videos. Canadian Communication Association, University of Victoria, June 5-7.

Abstract: There has been considerable public interest in the role of alternative media in protest movements and social movements in general. Virtually all of the commentary has focused on the production and dissemination of these alternative media forms by social movement actors rather than the reception of these alternative messages by audiences. The current study begins this discussion by applying a critical analysis to the results of an exploratory study of the reception by the general public of online videos about First Nations. The methodology includes an empirical study of how people viewed and responded to two online videos about First Nations culture. Although both our study and analysis is very exploratory we believe it is an important contribution because of the lack of previous research on this topic.

#51 (2013)

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#48 (2012)

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Reference: Carpenter, P., Gibson, K., Kakekaspan, C., O’Donnell, S. (2012). How women in remote and rural First Nation communities are using information andc ommunication technologies. Connecting the Future: Rural Broadband Technology, Policy and Impact. Queens University School of Business, Kingston, Ontario, December.

Abstract: First Nations women have a strong role guiding the success of their family and their community. In the past,women nurtured their family, ensuring food and safety for their family. These responsibilities are still true today with the added challenges and opportunities of modern day life. After elementary school, many First Nations children living in remote and rural communities move to urban areas for high school education, and with the adoption of information and communication technologies(ICT) there are sometimes fewer community interactions as people stay at home more instead of meeting in person. The study explored how First Nations women are using ICT and if the technology can address some of their challenges and open up new opportunities. Two hundred and thirty one women living in remote and rural First Nation communities in Northern Ontario completed an online survey, sharing their thoughts and experiences with regard to: ICT use in daily life, ICT for health and wellness, ICT for cultural preservation, and what is needed to support their effective use of ICT. The findings suggest that the women are active users of ICT, using the internet for frequent communication with people living in their own communities along with other communities and elsewhere in Canada. The women are also familiar with telemedicine, use the internet in a variety of ways to preserve their culture, and identified many strategies for supporting their effective use of ICT. Recommendations for ways forward are discussed.

This paper was revised and published as journal article #57.

#47 (2012)

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Publication #47 2012, November - Democratic Ideals Meet Reality: Developing Locally Owned and Managed Broadband Networks and ICT Services in Rural and Remote First Nations in Quebec and Canada

Reference: Whiteduck, T.,Beaton, B., Burton, K., & O’Donnell, S. (2012) Democratic Ideals Meet Reality: Developing Locally Owned and Managed Broadband Networks and ICT Services in Rural and Remote First Nations in Quebec and Canada. Keynote paper for the Community Informatics Research Network (CIRN) Conference, Prato, Italy, November.

Abstract: This paper is based on a keynote presentation at the 2012 Community Informatics Research (CIRN) conference in Prato, Italy by Tim Whiteduck, Technology Director at the First Nations Education Council (FNEC). The paper was co-written with the FNEC research partners. First Nations in Canada are part of a complex web of relationships and networks that share information, resources and learning related to broadband and Information Communication Technologies (ICT). First Nation community leaders, through their national organization the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), have adopted the eCommunity as an overarching approach for broadband development. This development is fueled by the desire by First Nations to own,control, and manage their local infrastructure. Regional organizations, including the regional management organizations (RMOs) for the First Nations SchoolNet program, are key players collaborating with communities to support their use of broadband and ICT. In particular, the videoconferencing network built by the RMOs in collaboration with the communities was and continues to be a catalyst for increased broadband development. FNEC, the RMO for Quebec is discussed in detail, including its technology development and related activities. FNEC works with partner organizations across Canada, notably the Keewaytinook Okimakanak (KO) tribal council in northwestern Ontario and Mi'kmaw Kina'matnewey (MK) in the Atlantic region. Together the three organizations are also partners with the University of New Brunswick and Simon Fraser University on several research and outreach projects, two of which - First Mile and VideoCom / First Nations Innovation- are briefly discussed.

#45 (2012)

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Publication #45 2012, September - Community Resilience and Social Media: Remote and Rural First Nations Communities, Social Isolation and Cultural Preservation

Reference: Molyneaux, H., O’Donnell, S., Kakekaspan, C., Walmark,B., Budka, P., Gibson, K. (2012) Community Resilience and Social Media: Remote and Rural First Nations Communities, Social Isolation and Cultural Preservation. Paper for the 2012 International Rural Network Forum, Whyalla and Upper Spencer Gulf, Australia, 24-28 September.

#44 (2012)

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Publication #44 2012, September - Broadband-Enabled Community Services in Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation: Developing an e-Community Approach.

Reference: Whiteduck, G., Tenasco, A., O’Donnell, S., Whiteduck, T. & Lockhart,E. (2012) Broadband-Enabled Community Services in Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation: Developing an e-Community Approach. Paper for the 2012 International Rural Network Forum, Whyalla and Upper Spencer Gulf, Australia, 24-28 September.

Abstract : Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation, the largest Algonquin community in Canada, is recognized as a leader for their community services. For our collaborative study, we conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with community services staff in Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg.The interviews explored questions of technology and community, including their current successes, challenges, and future potential. Kitigan Zibi is developing a strategy to integrate communication infrastructure and information, and communication technologies (ICT) into services that promote community,economic, social, cultural, and intellectual development. The discussion focuses on how the community can integrate a holistic “e-Community” approach into its strategy.

#43 (2012)

Publication #43 2012, June - Co-creating community narratives: How researchers are engaging First Nation community members to co-write publications

Reference: Gibson, K., Thomas, L., O’Donnell, S., Lockhart, E., & Beaton, B. (2012). Co-creating community narratives: how researchers are engaging First Nation community members to co-write publications. Paper presented at the Qualitatives Analysis Conference, St. John’s, NL.

Abstract: Researchers working with First Nations have heard: “We have been researched to death.” Given this reputation for research, how can researchers working with First Nations turn this situation around? How can we collaboratively conduct respectful research and engage First Nations meaningfully? How can we ensure that the narratives we weave in research publications from interview transcripts strongly reflect the voices of community members, and that our publications meet the needs of communities? One way is for members of First Nation communities collaborating in the research to co-write research publications. The paper discusses some practical ways that researchers can do this, based on our experiences with conducting research about technology with rural and remote First Nation community collaborators. We discuss what has been successful and where we need to work harder to be more inclusive of the experiences and situations of community members.

#42 (2012)

Publication #42 2012, May - ICT Use Between School and Home in Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation: Challenges and Opportunities for Moving Forward Collectively.

Reference: Lockhart, E., Tenasco, A.,Whiteduck, T. & O’Donnell, S. (2012) ICT Use Between School and Home in Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation: Challenges and Opportunities for Moving Forward Collectively. Canadian Communication Association Conference, University of Waterloo, Ontario, May 30.

Abstract: Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation is an innovative rural community in Quebec. Located 130 kilometers north of Ottawa, it is the closest First Nation to the Canadian capital. In both population and territory, Kitigan Zibi is the largest of the ten Algonquin communities. Broadband connectivity and information and communication technologies (ICT) are important to the community and incorporated into everyday operations. This paper explores the use of technology in the education sector in Kitigan Zibi, in particular the situation of having technology readily available at school and less so at home. This transition from a technology-filled classroom to limited or no ICT access at home is a challenge, not only for individual students and their families but also for the community as a whole.

#41 (2012)

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Publication #41 2012, May - How First Nation Residents in Remote and Rural Communities in Ontario's Far North are using ICT and Online Services Supported by Keewaytinook Okimakanak.

#40 (2012)

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Publication #40 2012, May - Post-Secondary Distance Education: Experiences of Elsipogtog First Nation Community Members.

Abstract: Post-secondary distance education is an option for community members living in many Atlantic First Nations. This paper includes preliminary results from research based on interviews with community members of Elsipogtog First Nation in New Brunswick. Most community members interviewed had taken post-secondary courses by distance education while living and working in their community. The focus is their experiences of distance education, in particular with videoconferencing and online web-based course delivery systems.

#33 (2011)

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Publication #33 2011, September - How the Washaho Cree Nation at Fort Severn is using a "First Mile Approach" to Deliver Community Services

Reference: O’Donnell, S., Kakekaspan, M., Beaton, B., Walmark, B., Gibson, K. (2011) How the Washaho Cree Nation at Fort Severn is Using a “First Mile Approach” to Deliver Community Services. Paper presented at the Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Arlington, Virginia, USA, September.

Abstract: Fort Severn Washaho Cree Nation is a small, remote northern community on the Severn River near Hudson Bay in Ontario. The community services delivered in Fort Severn are managed and controlled by the local leadership, working in collaboration with their regional tribal council Keewaytinook Okimakanak and other strategic partners. The First Mile is both an emerging policy approach and a framework that supports holistic and community-centred broadband development and use by First Nations. First Mile focuses on community management and control of local broadband infrastructure and services. The paper discusses how Fort Severn First Nation is putting First Mile concepts into action.

#30 (2011)

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Publication #30 2011, June - Mishkeegogamang First Nation Community Members Engage with Information and Communication Technologies

Reference: Gibson, K., Gray-McKay, C., O’Donnell, S., and the People of Mishkeegogamang. (2011). Mishkeegogamang First Nation Community Members Engage with Information and Communication Technologies. Canadian Communication Association Conference, Fredericton, June 1-3.

#29 (2011)

Reference: O’Donnell, S., Kakekaspan, G., Walmark, B., Mason, R., Mak, M. (2011) Keewaytinook Mobile in Fort Severn First Nation. Canadian Communication Association Conference, Fredericton, June 1-3.

Abstract: Fort Severn First Nation is a remote fly-in Cree community on Hudson Bay. About 400 people live in the community, and their lifestyle reflects a deep respect for and connection to the land. In November 2009, Fort Severn and its tribal council, Keewaytinook Okimakanak, established Keewaytinook Mobile (KM) service in the community. KM, an innovative community-owned and managed GSM cellular and data service, is an example of self-determination applied to telecommunications. It is also the result of a number of strategic partnerships that came together to address local needs and priorities. This paper includes a review of the history of Keewaytinook Mobile and its implementation in Fort Severn First Nation, and a study of how and why community members are using or not using the service. The analysis is based on interviews with 42 community members conducted in March 2010 and a follow-up discussion with community members in November 2010. The paper discusses the challenges, opportunities and ways forward for KM in Fort Severn.

#25 (2010)

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Publication # 25 - 2010, September - Listening to the Communities: Perspectives of Remote and Rural First Nations Community Members on Telemental Health

Reference: Gibson, K., Coulson, H., Miles, R., Kakekayskung, K., Daniels, B., O’Donnell, S. (2010) Listening to the Communities: Perspectives of Remote and Rural First Nations Community Members on Telemental Health. Rural Health: Connecting Research and Policy. Fredericton, Canada, September 23-25.

#24 (2010)

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Publication # 24 - 2010, June - Information and Communication Technologies and Remote and Rural First Nations Communities: An Overview

#18 (2009)

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Publication #18 2009, November - Telemental Health with Remote and Rural First Nations: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Ways Forward.

Reference: Gibson, K., Kakepetum-Schultz, T., Coulson, H., O’Donnell, S. (2009). Telemental Health with Remote and Rural First Nations: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Ways Forward. National Aboriginal Health Organisation (NAHO) Conference. Ottawa, November 24-27.

Abstract: Remote and rural First Nation communities have limited mental health services compared to urban communities yet their needs are similar and sometimes greater. Community members living in remote, isolated communities requiring mental health services are usually faced with two choices: having no service or leaving their community to access services in larger centres. Certain First Nation communities offer a third choice: using telemental health delivered via videoconferencing to provide clinical mental health services for community members. Like all technology uses, telemental health services have advantages and disadvantages, both for the individual and the community.

Understanding mental health workers’ experiences of telemental health and its benefits and drawbacks for remote and rural First Nations people was the focus of our study. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with mental health professionals (clinicians and nonclinicians) working with First Nations communities. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a national online survey of mental health workers working with clients in rural and remote First Nations. This paper presents a thematic analysis of the data collected. Advantages include allowing community members to remain within their community for treatment and connecting First Nations trauma survivors to each other; disadvantages include increased difficulty building and maintaining clinical relationships via videoconference and ethical concerns of using the technology. These and other pros and cons of using telemental health are discussed. Certain ways forward that seem promising are proposed, including incorporating traditional practices and the seven teachings into telemental health initiatives. Finally, policy recommendations are offered.

#17 (2009)

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Publication #17 2009, October - ICT and Health and Wellness in Remote and Rural First Nations Communities: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective.

Reference: Molyneaux, H., O'Donnell, S. (2009). ICT and Health and Wellness in Remote and Rural First Nations Communities: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective. Canadian Society of Telehealth Conference (CST 2009), Vancouver, BC, October 3-6.

Abstract: The topic of information and communication technologies (ICT) for health is generally framed as telehealth and other technology processes that enable delivery of mainstream health services. However First Nation communities are also using ICT for community development activities that contribute to improved health and wellness. Based on the preliminary results of a literature review on how ICT is being used in remote and rural First Nations, this paper uses a social determinants of health perspective to begin to create a broader understanding of how ICT can contribute to community health and wellness in remote and rural First Nations.

#16 (2009)

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Publication #16 2009, October - Clinicians’ Attitudes toward the Use of Information and Communication Technologies for Mental Health Services in Remote and Rural Areas

Reference: Gibson, K., Simms, D., O'Donnell, S., & Molyneaux, H. (2009). Clinicians’ Attitudes toward the Use of Information and Communication Technologies for Mental Health Services in Remote and Rural Areas. Canadian Society of Telehealth Conference (CST 2009), Vancouver, BC, October 3-6.

Abstract: Little research exists regarding clinicians’ attitudes towards the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in clinical service provision – particularly within populations such as First Nations and Operational Stress Injury (OSI) clients. These clients may be particularly well served by technologies such as videoconferencing which allow clinicians to service these clients, many of whom are located in remote and rural geographical locations. However, adoption of these services is dependent upon on clinicians’ willingness to use these technologies. In this paper we discuss the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of both survey and interview responses with a specific emphasis on clinicians’ attitudes towards use of ICT in service delivery in the present and future. Further, we explore successes, challenges and barriers to the use of technology as well as suggestions for future directions for research.

#13 (2009)

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Publication #13 2009, May - Communication in Place: Videoconferencing for First Nation Community Development

Reference: Milliken, M., O'Donnell, S. (2009). Communication in Place: Videoconferencing for First Nation Community Development. Presented at the Canadian Communication Association Annual Conference (CCA 2009), Carleton University, Ottawa, May.

Abstract: One definition of globalization suggests that the social relations traditionally associated with specific territorial locations have been transformed, and that physical distance is less of an impediment to communication and exchange than it used to be (Held, McGrew, Goldblatt, & Perraton, 1999). However, when the costs associated with travel to and from remote and rural First Nation communities are calculated, social and geographic relations still restrict opportunities for face-to-face communication and access to resources. Technology such as videoconferencing has been a powerful tool for overcoming these barriers; it enables people to stay where they are “from”, and still engage in face-to-face audio and visual communication with people at one or more locations anywhere in the world.

Remote and rural First Nation communities are using videoconference facilities and networks to overcome isolation as well as access and share resources. Our research partners - K-Net, Keewaytinook Okimakanak (KO) in Sioux Lookout, Ontario; Atlantic Canada’s First Nation Help Desk in Membertou, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia; and the First Nation Education Council in Wendake, Quebec - initially set up these networks for educational and health purposes. Now these networks are being employed for a wide range of cultural, artistic and community development activities using a relationship-building model. This paper draws on interviews with the technical and administrative staff of K-Net and the Atlantic Canada’s First Nation Help Desk to explore the ways that videoconferencing between two or more sites has facilitated local community development.

#12 (2009)

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Publication #12 2009, May - Integrating New Media into Communication Research: Multi-site Videoconferencing for Focus Groups with Remote First Nation Community Members

Reference: Gratton, M-F., O'Donnell, S. (2009). Integrating New Media into Communication Research: Multi-site Videoconferencing for Focus Groups with Remote First Nation Community Members. Presented at the Canadian Communication Association Annual Conference (CCA 2009), Carleton University, Ottawa, May.

Abstract: New media offer social science researchers more options for conducting research. Many researchers have been using text-based exchanges on the Internet as a data collection method. However some situations do not lend themselves to text-only exchange; a prime example is interviews with research participants from a cultural or community background that is outside the researchers’ daily frame of reference. In this situation, visual cues and face-to-face contact are essential for conveying information that will build trust and comfort levels between participants and the researcher. Conversely, it is not always possible for researchers to travel to conduct focus groups and interviews in person, especially when travel is prohibitively time-consuming and expensive. This reason – too expensive and time-consuming – is often given to explain the lack of qualitative research with participants living in remote First Nation communities. This paper presents an overview of a research method developed in collaboration with our research partner K-Net and KORI (Keewaytinook Okimakanak) in northwestern Ontario. The specific study investigated preferences for online health information for First Nations people living in remote communities. Working with K-Net, we developed a method to use multi-site videoconferencing for focus groups – live visual and audio exchange between the researcher in Ottawa and participants in multiple remote First Nation communities in northwestern Ontario. The paper presents some of the challenges of research with remote communities, an overview of the study, the methodology, the technology used, a profile of the research partner and research participants, the process for the focus groups, what went well and the advantages of using this method and some of the challenges we experienced. Our conclusion encourages other researchers to try this innovative method to include more remote First Nation community members in participatory research projects.

#11 (2009)

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Publication #11 2009, May - New Media and Self-Determination: Publicly Made and Accessible Video and Remote and Rural First Nation Communities

Reference: Hancock, B-R., and O'Donnell, S. (2009). New Media and Self-Determination: Publicly Made and Accessible Video and Remote and Rural First Nation Communities. Presented at the Canadian Communication Association Annual Conference (CCA 2009), Carleton University, Ottawa, May.

Abstract: This working paper explores the potential for New Media to provide a means for members of remote and rural First Nations communities to challenge problematic mainstream representations of First Nations identity. Video on public access sites such as YouTube and Google Video, as well as on websites that act as hubs for First Nations internet users in remote and rural areas, allow for the accumulation of a critical mass of videos, providing complex, contemporary, and fluid images that “speak” to one another across distance and time. Such an accumulation may provide the means for a social movement—the public dissemination of self-determined identities by members of remote and rural First Nations communities thus growing in power to become a counter-hegemonic practice that undermines the misrepresentations of First Nations culture and identities in mainstream Canadian media.

#10 (2009)

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Publication #10 2009, May - Multi-site Videoconferencing as a Public Sphere in First Nation Communities: A Case Study

Reference: McKelvey, F., O'Donnell, S. (2009). Multi-site Videoconferencing as a Public Sphere in First Nation Communities: A Case Study. Presented at the International Communication Association Annual Conference (ICA 2009), Chicago, May.

Abstract: The paper examines multi-site videoconferencing as a public sphere. The theory of the public highlights the political effects of multi-site videoconferencing and how the technology contributes to the well-being of the community. To analyze the political effects of videoconferencing, the paper describes a case of community use of multi-site videoconferencing based on video analysis and semi-structured interviews. The case occurred in 2007 and connected a number of First Nation communities across Canada for simultaneous audio-visual exchange. K-Net Services in Ontario hosted the meeting to gauge the feasibility of public meetings through videoconferencing and to document an example of community uses of the technology. K-Net Services works to develop their videoconferencing infrastructure as a public space. Our findings suggest K-Net’s activities have developed a media institution best understood as a counter-public sphere for their service region. The case meeting shows a potential new opportunity to further integrate videoconferencing into community development.

#9 (2009)

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Publication #9 2009, March - Communicating Visually: Videoconferencing and Remote and Rural First Nations

Reference: O'Donnell, S., Walmark, B., and Hancock, B-R. (2009). Communicating Visually: Videoconferencing and Remote and Rural First Nations. Presented at the Aboriginal Policy Research Conference, Ottawa, Canada, March.

Abstract: Videoconferencing is usually perceived as something useful for institutional reasons – primarily telehealth and distance education. First Nations are using videoconferencing not only for health and education but also in other ways for community, economic and social development. This paper discusses findings from a SSHRC-funded study of First Nations organizations that are supporting the use of video communications by rural and remote communities. The discussion explores why visual communication is important for First Nations, the prevalence and purposes of videoconferencing in non-institutional settings, and the challenges the communities experience using this technology. The central theme of this paper is that videoconferencing is a vital tool for remote and rural First Nations and in order for it to become widely used, the technology has to be a part of everyday life in communities and not just restricted to telehealth and distance education. Further, if we can find ways to increase the use of videoconferencing in non-institutional settings by everyone in First Nations communities, the technology will be used more often for institutional applications. Thus, increasing the non-institutional, everyday use of videoconferencing will have a positive impact on its use for telehealth and distance education. The paper includes recommendations for policy makers to support the more widespread use of this powerful communication technology by remote and rural First Nations.

#8 (2008)

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Publication #8 2008, October - Videoconferencing and Sustainable Development for Remote and Rural First Nations in Canada

Reference: O'Donnell, S., Beaton, B., & McKelvey, F. (2008).Videoconferencing and Sustainable Development for Remote and Rural First Nations in Canada. Proceedings of the Community Informatics Research Network (CIRN 08) Conference, Prato, Italy, October.

Abstract: Videoconferencing can be used to connect remote and rural First Nation communities to work together on sustainable development priorities. This paper presents two case studies of videoconferencing events. In both cases, a real-time high-bandwidth connection provided rich visual and audio data to be exchanged among communities separated by vast distances. The host communities for these videoconference events are small First Nations with traditional lifestyles connected to the land. Despite their remoteness and traditional cultures, these communities have the capacity to use advanced high-bandwidth technologies in innovative ways to contribute to sustainable development of their communities.

#7 (2008)

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Publication #7 2008, June - Challenges for Video Communications in Remote and Rural Communities

Reference: O’Donnell, S., Perley, S., and Simms, D. (2008). Challenges for Video Communications in Remote and Rural Communities. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (IEEE ISTAS 08). Fredericton, June.

Abstract: For Canada's remote and rural communities, video communications provide a vital lifeline. This study explores the challenges for video communications in remote and rural First Nation (Indigenous) communities. Central to our analysis are social and technical issues as well as the ICT experiences of community-based organizations and community members. We use an analytical framework to identify challenges in four categories: technical infrastructure, the interactions of the users with the technical infrastructure, the production and reception of audio-visual content, and the organizational and social relations. Our findings underline the need for community capacity building to address these challenges and use video communications to its full potential.

#6 (2008)

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Publication #6 2008, May - Representation and Participation of First Nations Women in Online Videos

Reference: Perley, S. (2008). Representation and Participation of First Nations Women in Online Videos. Presented at the International Communication Association Annual Conference (ICA 2008), Montreal, May.

Abstract: With the rise in websites for video sharing on the Internet and the increase in resources to create and upload videos, there is potential for First Nations women to make use of this alternate public sphere for representing issues they cannot normally address through mainstream media. A critical analysis of the representation and participation of First Nations women in online videos provides some insight into how First Nations women are currently using new information and communication technologies to question and challenge mainstream media assumptions and representations of First Nations women. The paper explores the potential of online videos produced by First Nations women to provide an alternate public sphere to represent themselves and their perspectives and promote social change.

#2 (2007)

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Publication #2 2007, November- Community-based Broadband Organizations and Video Communications for Remote and Rural First Nations in Canada

Reference: O'Donnell, S., Perley, S., Walmark, B., Burton, K., Beaton, B., & Sark, A. (2007). Community-based Broadband Organizations and Video Communications for Remote and Rural First Nations in Canada. Proceedings of the Community Informatics Research Network (CIRN 2007). Prato, Italy, November.

Abstract: Our research is building understanding about how two community-based First Nations organizations in Canada are using video communications on broadband networks to support economic and social development in remote and rural First Nations. This study situates these two organizations within a broader social movement working toward self-determination for First Nations in Canada, exploring their use of video communications in this context. Video communications using broadband networks includes videoconferences (live and archived) and online videos. The research methodology for this study includes a content analysis of hundreds of archived videoconferences and videos on the servers of the two organizations as well as interviews with key informants using these technologies to develop remote and rural First Nations communities.

#1 (2006)

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Publication #1 2006, June - Broadband Video Communication Research in First Nation Communities

Reference: S. Perley and S. O'Donnell. (2006). Broadband Video Communication Research in First Nation Communities. Presented at the Canadian Communication Association Annual Conference (CCA 2006), York University, Toronto, Ontario, June.

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of policies and strategies for broadband infrastructure and access, and broadband video communication development and use in First Nation communities in Canada. Although using broadband for video communication remains underdeveloped in First Nation communities as a whole, successful initiatives have been underway for many years, particularly in the areas of distance education and telehealth applications. The research conducted to date on broadband video in Aboriginal communities has focused almost exclusively on evaluations of distance education and telehealth applications, which have primarily been positive evaluations. There has been little research on other kinds of applications. The authors discuss approaches to doing research with Aboriginal communities. Clearly there are many opportunities for researchers to investigate and explore the possibilities of broadband video communication for First Nations across Canada. However researchers working on these projects in First Nation communities will face a number of challenges. The authors discuss these challenges and outline some ways forward. Before First Nation communities develop broadband video communication applications, concrete First Nation community-specific planning and development that looks at the needs, priorities, and long-term goals of the community and its members must be fully addressed.

Reports

#46 (2012)

Publication #46 2012, Perspectives of Rural and Remote First Nation Community Members Toward Telehealth Services: The Case of Keewaytinook Okimakanak Telemedicine (KOTM)

#39 (2012)

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Publication #39 2012, April - KO/K-Net Report: Survey of Community Connectivity in Northwestern Ontario.

Reference: Beaton, B., Gibson, K., Kakekaspan, C., & O’Donnell, S. (2012) KO/K-Net Report: Survey of Community Connectivity Northwestern Ontario. Online presentation from Sioux Lookout, Ontario and Fredericton, New Brunswick, April 2012.

Abstract: This report and presentation is based on an online survey of K-Net email account holders in communities in Northwestern Ontario, conducted in November 2011.

#38 (2012)

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Publication #38 2012, April - KO/K-Net Report: Survey of Connectivity in Keewaytinook Okimakanak Communities.

Reference: Beaton, B., Kakekaspan, C., & O'Donnell, S. (2012) KO/K-Net Report: Survey of Connectivity in Keewaytinook Okimakanak Communities. Online presentation from Sioux Lookout, Ontario and Fredericton, New Brunswick, April, 2012.

Abstract: This report and presentation is based on an online survey of K-Net email account holders in KO communities, conducted in November 2011.

#35 (2010)

Publication #35 2010, Putting the ‘last-mile’ first: Re-framing broadband development in First Nations and Inuit communities

#27 (2011)

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Publication #27 2011, April - Videoconferencing User- Guide for Teachers and Students Participating in Post-Secondary Education Courses in Remote and Rural First Nations Communities

Reference: Woodman Simmonds, J., Wasacase, T., Ward, S., O’Donnell, S. (2011) Videoconferencing User- Guide for Teachers and Students Participating in Post-Secondary Education Courses in Remote and Rural First Nations Communities. Fredericton: The VideoCom Project

Abstract: This user-guide is for teachers and students involved in post-secondary distance education (especially in remote and rural First Nations communities) who are considering using videoconferencing technology to communicate. It assumes that some people will have little or no experience with videoconferencing and might also have objections to the technology itself or to the ways it is often marketed as an absolute solution to accessing quality education.

#26 (2011)

Publication #26 2011, February - Post-Secondary Distance Education for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Learners Living in Remote and Rural Communities: An Annotated Bibliography

Reference: Woodman Simmonds, J., Wasacase, T., O’Donnell, S. (2010) Post-Secondary Distance Education for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Learners Living in Remote and Rural Communities: An Annotated Bibliography. Fredericton: The VideoCom Project

Abstract: This report was prepared to assist educators and people involved in education and learning in First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities. It is, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive annotated bibliography available on this topic. The bibliographic search focused on literature that discusses 1) best practices employed in post-secondary distance education in First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities, 2) funding for post-secondary distance education, and 3) policy issues related to ICT in the First Nations and Inuit contexts. Our report includes both peer-reviewed publications and grey literature.

#23 (2010)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #23 2010, May - Information and Communication Technologies to Support Health and Wellness in Remote and Rural First Nations Communities

Reference: O’Donnell, S., Molyneaux, H., Gorman, E., Milliken, M., Chong, C., Gibson, K., Oakley, P., Maitland, J. (2010) Information and Communication Technologies to Support Health and Wellness in Remote and Rural First Nations Communities: Literature Review. Fredericton: National Research Council, May, 136 pages.

Abstract: This report is a comprehensive overview of how remote and rural First Nations and their partners and collaborators are using information and communication technologies (ICT) to support health and wellness in their communities. The report authors hope it will be useful for evidence-based program and policy development. It may also spark ideas about how ICT can be improved and new technologies developed to meet community needs.

#3 (2008)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #3 2008, January - Attitudes Toward and Use of Video Communications by Educators in First Nation Schools in Atlantic Canada

Reference: Simms, D., O'Donnell, S., & Perley, S. (2008). Attitudes Toward and Use of Video Communications by Educators in First Nation Schools in Atlantic Canada. Fredericton: National Research Council. January.

Abstract: This NRC report presents the results of a survey of teachers and other staff in First Nation Schools in the Atlantic Region. The study focus was to understand their attitudes toward and use of video communications. The study identified a need for more support and training for teachers to use videoconferencing and share videos online.

Popular Articles, Briefs, Misc Publications

#49 (2013)

Publication #49 2013, First Nations Innovation Licence to Publish

#5 (2008)

To read or download, click on the link in the reference.

Publication #5 2008, April - Videoconferencing Connects Remote Communities

Reference: O'Donnell, S. and Kakepetum-Schultz, T. (2008). Videoconferencing Connects Remote Communities. Sagatay. April-May.

Abstract: This short article describes community uses of videoconferencing by remote communities in Northwestern Ontario. It was published in the in-flight magazine of Wasaya Airways.

#4 (2008)

Reference: VideoCom Research Initiative. (2008). Encouraging Urban Organizations to Videoconference with Remote and Rural First Nations. VideoCom Research Update. March.

Abstract:This one-page report summarizes recent research that underlines the need to encourage urban organizations to use videoconferencing to meet the communication needs of remote and rural First Nation communities.

Presentations

In addition to the publications, we also have some presentations available for download. They are listed here by date. To download, click on the pdf (red) icon at the end of each reference.

Beaton, B. (2013) The KO e-Community Development Model: Supporting Economic and Social Opportunities in Remote Communities. Communication & Global Power Shifts Conference, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, June.

O'Donnell, S. (2013) ICT in Remote and Rural First Nations: Reflections from the VideoCom / First Nations Innovation Project. Communication & Global Power Shifts Conference, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, June.

McMahon, R.(2013) Decolonizing technology development: The promise and the challenge of Digital Self-Determination. Communication & Global Power Shifts Conference, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, June.

Beaton, B. (2013) The e-Community Development Model: Supporting Economic and Social Opportunities in Remote Communities. Association of Social Economy and Nonprofit Research, University of Victoria, June.

Philpot, D., O’Donnell, S., Kenny, C.(2013) Face-to-Faces Work: Audience Response to First Nations Social Movement Videos. Canadian Communication Association, University of Victoria, June.

Click here to access the full paper.

O'Donnell, S. (2013) ICT in Remote and Rural First Nations: Reflections on Six Years of Research With the VideoCom Project. Canadian Communication Association, University of Victoria, June.

Beaton, B. (2013) Keewaytinook Mobile: How remote indigenous communities came to build, own, and manage local mobility services in Canada’s Little North. Canadian Communication Association, University of Victoria, June.

Reference: Whiteduck, T. (2012) Democratic Ideals Meet Reality: Developing Locally Owned and Managed Broadband Networks and ICT Services in Rural and Remote First Nations in Quebec and Canada. Keynote presentation for the Community Informatics Research Network (CIRN) Conference, Prato, Italy, November.

Click here to access the full paper.

McKenzie, O., Kakekaspan, C., Gibson, K., O’Donnell, S., Kakepetum-Schultz, T. (2012) Perspectives of Rural and Remote First Nation Community Members Toward Telehealth Services: The Case of Keewaytinook Okimakanak Telemedicine (KOTM). Canadian Rural Health Research Society - Rural and Remote Health Research Conference – Creative Approaches, Levis, Quebec, October.

Beaton, B., O'Donnell, S., Whiteduck, T., Burton, K., Walmark, B. (2012) Research on Broadband Networks and Community Services Delivery in Rural and Remote First Nations: Lessons for Policy . Second National Rural Research Workshop: Policy and Research in Community Investment, Ottawa, May 24.

Click here to access the full paper.

Gibson, K., Gray-McKay, C., O'Donnell, S., and the People of Mishkeegogamang (2011) Mishkeegogamang First Nation Community Members Engage with Information and Communication Technologies. Canadian Communication Association, Fredericton, June.

Click here to access the full paper.

McMahon, R., Smith, R., O'Donnell, S., Woodman Simmonds, J., Walmark, B., Beaton, B. (2011) Digital Divides and the "First Mile": Framing First Nations Broadband Development in Canada. Canadian Communication Association, Fredericton, June.

Click here to access the First Mile website.

Woodman Simmonds, J. (2011) Engaging Post-secondary distance education learners in remote and rural First Nations communities. Canadian Communication Association, Fredericton, June.

Click here to access the speaking notes from this presentation.

Jones, J. (2010) Use and perception of online video by First Nation and other communities. Canadian Communication Association, Montreal, June.

2005-2006: RICTA Publications

Before VideoCom was RICTA - Research on ICT with Aboriginal Communities. RICTA began with four of the VideoCom partners - the NRC, UNB, KORI and K-Net. RICTA produced several publications that you can download below.

1. Perley, S. & O'Donnell, S. (2005) Exploring Approaches to Engage First Nations in ICT Research: Examining the Insider-Outsider Spectrum. Canadian Communication Association, University of Western Ontario, London, June.

2. Walmark, B., O'Donnell, S.& Beaton, B. (2005) Research on ICT with Aboriginal Communities: Report from RICTA 2005. Community Informatics Research Network 2005 Conference. Cape Town, South Africa. August 24-26.

3. RICTA (2005) Research on ICT with Aboriginal Communities: Report of the founding RICTA meeting, March 11, 2005.

4. Susan O'Donnell & Brian Walmark (2005) Poster: Research on ICT with Aboriginal Communities (RICTA). Poster at the SSHRC Knowledge Project Conference, Ottawa, February.

1995: Background Article

This publication from 1995 is one of the earliest academic articles published about how Indigenous nations are using the Internet. The lead writer is the First Nations Innovation lead researcher Dr. Susan O'Donnell. Download it from the hyperlink in the reference below.

Reference: O'Donnell, S. and Delgado, G. (1995). Using the Internet to Strengthen the Indigenous Nations of the Americas. Media Development (3), 36-38.

Description: Written in 1995, the article discusses how indigenous peoples and nations are now a specific presence on the Internet, and how they have made the global computer network a site for information exchange, analysis and action on self-determination.